轮盘克星【书】

我们运用了图片与图表来说明我们的轮盘克星视觉轮盘系统（包括所有我们目前使用最新的方法和技术）。除了手册，我们的配套还配备了视频。这样一来，您就能更完善且清晰地了解我们的视觉轮盘系统。同一时间，您也能够观察出（在荷官宣布停止下注前NMB）球会在什么位置下脱离轨道（这考虑了所有轮盘的情况下，包括平衡轮盘）。这让玩家不再只限制于1或2针偏置轮盘。此外，您将学到如何下注于“球脱离轨道”时的最佳位置，以确保您能得到稳定且长期的胜利。

关于中国门店无法下载的问题【iBook】

这个问题你只要更换一下商店就可以了，详情请查看这里：

修改流程图（直接查看）

修改流程图（下载）

视频教你如何下载：观看视频

轮盘克星，其中最大轮盘里面有黄色和深黄色的小圆点分别代表什么呢？

颜色代表这个数字的火辣程度，您可以尝试同一个数字点击几次看其颜色变化。

Roulette

Roulette

From RoolPedia, the free encyclopedia for roulette gamers

Roulette ball

"Gwendolen at the roulette table" - 1910 illustration toGeorge Eliot' "Daniel Deronda".

Roulette is a casino game named after a French diminutive for little wheel. In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number or a range of numbers, the colors red or black, or whether the number is odd or even.

To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel. The ball eventually losesmomentum and falls onto the wheel and into one of 37 (in French/European roulette) or 38 (in American roulette) colored and numbered pockets on the wheel.

18th century E.O. wheel with gamblers

The first form of roulette was devised in 18th century France. A century earlier, Blaise Pascal introduced a primitive form of roulette in the 17th century in his search for a perpetual motion machine. The roulette wheel is believed to be a fusion of the English wheel games Roly-Poly, Reiner, Ace of Hearts, and E.O., the Italian board games of Hoca and Biribi, and "Roulette" from an already existing French board game of that name.

The game has been played in its present form since as early as 1796 in Paris. An early description of the roulette game in its current form is found in a French novel La Roulette, ou le Jour by Jaques Lablee, which describes a roulette wheel in the Palais Royal in Paris in 1796. The description included the house pockets, "There are exactly two slots reserved for the bank, whence it derives its sole mathematical advantage." It then goes on to describe the layout with, "...two betting spaces containing the bank's two numbers, zero and double zero." The book was published in 1801. An even earlier reference to a game of this name was published in regulations for New France (Québec) in 1758, which banned the games of "dice, hoca, faro, and roulette."

The roulette wheels used in the casinos of Paris in the late 1790s had red for the single zero and black for the double zero. To avoid confusion, the color green was selected for the zeros in roulette wheels starting in the 1800s.

In 1843, in the German spa casino town of Bad Homburg, fellow Frenchmen François and Louis Blanc introduced the single 0 style roulette wheel in order to compete against other casinos offering the traditional wheel with single and double zero house pockets.

In some forms of early American roulette wheels - as shown in the 1886 Hoyle gambling books, there were numbers 1 through 28, plus a single zero, a double zero, and an American Eagle. The Eagle slot, which was a symbol of American liberty, was a house slot that brought the casino extra edge. Soon, the tradition vanished and since then the wheel features only numbered slots. Existing wheels with Eagle symbols are exceedingly rare, with fewer than a half-dozen copies known to exist. Authentic Eagled wheels in excellent condition can fetch tens of thousands of dollars at auction.

According to Hoyle "the single 0, the double 0, and eagle are never bars; but when the ball falls into either of them, the banker sweeps every thing upon the table, except what may happen to be bet on either one of them, when he pays twenty-seven for one, which is the amount paid for all sums bet upon any single figure."

1800s engraving of the French roulette

In the 19th century, roulette spread all over Europe and the U.S.A., becoming one of the most famous and most popular casino games. When the German government abolished gambling in the 1860s, the Blanc family moved to the last legal remaining casino operation in Europe at Monte Carlo, where they established a gambling mecca for the elite of Europe. It was here that the single zero roulette wheel became the premier game, and over the years was exported around the world, except in the United States where the double zero wheel had remained dominant.

A legend says that François Blanc supposedly bargained with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette. The legend is based on the fact that the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 1 to 36) is 666, which is the "Number of the Beast".

Early American West Makeshift Game

In the United States, the French double zero wheel made its way up the Mississippi from New Orleans, and then westward. It was here, because of rampant cheating by both operators and gamblers, that the wheel was eventually placed on top of the table to prevent devices being hidden in the table or wheel, and the betting layout was simplified. This eventually evolved into the American style roulette game as different from the traditional French game. The American game developed in the gambling dens across the new territories where makeshift games had been set up, whereas the French game evolved with style and leisure in Monte Carlo. However, it is the American style layout with its simplified betting and fast cash action, using either a single or double zero wheel, that now dominates in most casinos around the world.

During the first part of the 20th century, the only casino towns of note were Monte Carlo with the traditional single zero French wheel, and Las Vegas with the American double zero wheel. In the 1970s, casinos began to flourish around the world. By 2008 there were several hundred casinos world wide offering roulette games. The double zero wheel is found in the U.S., Canada, South America, and the Caribbean, while the single zero wheel is predominant elsewhere.

Rules of play against a casino 

Roulette with red 12 as the winner

Roulette players have a variety of betting options. Placing inside bets is either selecting the exact number of the pocket the ball will land in, or a small range of pockets based on their proximity on the layout. Players wishing to bet on the 'outside' will select bets on larger positional groupings of pockets, the pocket color, or whether the winning number is odd or even. The payout odds for each type of bet are based on its probability.

The roulette table usually imposes minimum and maximum bets, and these rules usually apply separately for all of a player's inside and outside bets for each spin. For inside bets at roulette tables, some casinos may use separate roulette table chips of various colors to distinguish players at the table. Players can continue to place bets as the ball spins around the wheel until the dealer announces no more bets or rien ne va plus.

When a winning number and color is determined by the roulette wheel, the dealer will place a marker, also known as a dolly, on that winning number on the roulette table layout. When the dolly is on the table, no players may place bets, collect bets, or remove any bets from the table. The dealer will then sweep away all other losing bets either by hand or rake, and determine all of the payouts to the remaining inside and outside winning bets. When the dealer is finished making payouts, the marker is removed from the board where players collect their winnings and make new bets. The winning chips remain on the board.

California Roulette 

In 2004, California legalized a form of roulette known as California Roulette. By law, the game must use cards and not slots on the roulette wheel to pick the winning number. There are at least two variations. In some casinos, the dealer spins a wheel containing 38 cards from 1 to 36, plus 0 and 00, and after betting is closed, stops the wheel; a pointer identifies the winning card, which the dealer removes and shows to the players. In the Cache Creek casino in northern California, a wheel resembling a traditional roulette wheel is used, but it has only alternating red and black slots with no numbers. As the ball is spinning, the dealer takes cards from a shoe and places two of them face down on the table in red and black rectangles. When the ball lands in a red or black slot, the card in the corresponding rectangle is turned over to reveal the winning number.

Roulette wheel number sequence 

The pockets of the roulette wheel are numbered from 1 to 36.

In number ranges from 1 to 10 and 19 to 28, odd numbers are red and even are black. In ranges from 11 to 18 and 29 to 36, odd numbers are black and even are red.

There is a green pocket numbered 0 (zero). In American roulette, there is a second green pocket marked 00. Pocket number order on the roulette wheel adheres to the following clockwise sequence in most casinos:[citation needed]

Single-zero wheel

0-32-15-19-4-21-2-25-17-34-6-27-13-36-11-30-8-23-10-5-24-16-33-1-20-14-31-9-22-18-29-7-28-12-35-3-26

Double-zero wheel

0-28-9-26-30-11-7-20-32-17-5-22-34-15-3-24-36-13-1-00-27-10-25-29-12-8-19-31-18-6-21-33-16-4-23-35-14-2

Roulette table layout 

American style layout, French single zero wheel

The cloth covered betting area on a roulette table is known as the layout. The layout is either single zero or double zero. The European style layout has a single zero, and the American style layout is usually a double zero. The American style roulette table with a wheel at one end is now used in most casinos. The French style table with a wheel in the centre and a layout on either side is rarely found outside of Monte Carlo.[citation needed]

Types of bets 

Inside bets 

Straight (or Single)

a single number bet. The chip is placed entirely on the middle of a number square.

Split

a bet on two adjoining numbers, either on the vertical or horizontal (as in 14-17 or 8-9). The chip is placed on the line between these numbers.

Street

a bet on three numbers on a single horizontal line. The chip is placed on the edge of the line of a number at the end of the line (either the left or the right, depending on the layout).

Corner (or Square)

a bet on four numbers in a square layout (as in 11-12-14-15). The chip is placed at the horizontal and vertical intersection of the lines between the four numbers.

Six line (or Double Street)

a bet on two adjoining streets, with the chip placed at the corresponding intersection, as if in between where two street bets would be placed.

Trio

a bet on the intersecting point between 0, 1 and 2, or 0, 2 and 3 (single-zero layout only).

Basket (or the first four)

(non-square corner) a bet on 0, 1, 2, and 3 (single-zero layout only).

Basket

a bet on 0, 1, and 2; 0, 00, and 2; or 00, 2, and 3 (double-zero layout only). The chip is placed at the intersection of the three desired numbers.

Top line

a bet on 0, 00, 1, 2, and 3 (double-zero layout only). The chip is placed either at the corner of 0 and 1, or the corner of 00 and 3.

Outside bets 

Outside bets typically have smaller payouts with better odds at winning.

1 to 18 (Manque)

a bet on one of the first low eighteen numbers coming up.

19 to 36 (Passe)

a bet on one of the latter high eighteen numbers coming up.

Red or black (Rouge ou Noir)

a bet on which color the roulette wheel will show.

Even or odd (Pair ou Impair)

a bet on an even or odd nonzero number.

Dozen bets

a bet on the first (1-12, Premiere douzaine (P12)), second (13-24, Moyenne douzaine (M12)), or third group (25-36, Dernière douzaine (D12)) of twelve numbers.

Column bets

a bet on all 12 numbers on any of the three vertical lines (such as 1-4-7-10 on down to 34). The chip is placed on the space below the final number in this string.

Snake Bet

Essentially a special dozen bet consisting of a bet of the following numbers: 1, 5, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, 23, 27, 30, 32, and 34. Some gambling "experts"[who?] consider it a so-called sucker bet as they claim that the player has to bet a unit on each of those numbers, yet this theory (as with many gambling theories) is not true as any bet on the table has exactly the same house edge. However, some casinos which allow the snake bet (not all casinos do) allow the table minimum to be bet on the snake by placing the bet on the lower corner of the 34 spot which touches the 19-36 even money bet. On some layouts the "snake bet" is marked and depicted as a two-headed snake, with one head at one end of the "body" above and to the left left of the 1 and the other at the end of the "body" below and to the left of the 34. On these layouts the bet is placed on one of the heads.

In the UK, all bets have the same play to payout ratio; for instance, putting one chip on each number 1-12 will yield the same outcome as 12 chips on the first dozen (assuming the original stake is removed). The exception is the very outside bets (red/black, odd/even, low numbers/high numbers) when zero is the result only half of the original stake is captured by the dealer.

Bet odds table 

The payout, for American and European roulette, can be calculated by:

where n is the number of squares the player is betting on. The initial bet is returned in addition to the mentioned payout. It can be easily demonstrated that this payout formula would lead to a zero expected value of profit if the numbers were only 36. Being the numbers 37 or 38 gives casino its edge.

Bet name

Winning spaces

Payout

Odds against winning (French)

Expected value

(on a $1 bet) (French)

Odds against winning (American)

Expected value

(on a $1 bet) (American)

0

0

35 to 1

36 to 1

−$0.027

37 to 1

−$0.053

00

00

35 to 1

37 to 1

−$0.053

Straight up

Any single number

35 to 1

36 to 1

−$0.027

37 to 1

−$0.053

Row

0, 00

17 to 1

18 to 1

−$0.053

Split

any two adjoining numbers vertical or horizontal

17 to 1

35 to 2

−$0.027

18 to 1

−$0.053

Basket

0, 1, 2 or 00, 2, 3 or 0, 00, 2

11 to 1

34 to 3

−$0.027

11.667 to 1

−$0.053

Street

any three numbers horizontal (1, 2, 3 or 4, 5, 6, etc.)

11 to 1

34 to 3

−$0.027

11.667 to 1

−$0.053

Corner

any four adjoining numbers in a block (1, 2, 4, 5 or 17, 18, 20, 21, etc.)

8 to 1

33 to 4

−$0.027

8.5 to 1

−$0.053

Top line

0, 00, 1, 2, 3

6 to 1

6.6 to 1

−$0.079

Six line

any six numbers from two horizontal rows (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 etc.)

5 to 1

31 to 6

−$0.027

5.33 to 1

−$0.053

1st column

1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

2nd column

2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

3rd column

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

1st dozen

1 through 12

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

2nd dozen

13 through 24

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

3rd dozen

25 through 36

2 to 1

25 to 12

−$0.027

2.167 to 1

−$0.053

Odd

1, 3, 5, ..., 35

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

Even

2, 4, 6, ..., 36

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

Red

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12,

14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23,

25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

Black

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11,

13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24,

26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

1 to 18

1, 2, 3, ..., 18

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

19 to 36

19, 20, 21, ..., 36

1 to 1

19 to 18

−$0.027

1.111 to 1

−$0.053

Note that Top line (0, 00, 1, 2, 3) has a different expected value because of approximation of the correct 6.2 payout obtained by the formula to 6. Note also that 0 and 00 are neither odd nor even in this game. En prison rules alter the game making it more favourable to player.

House edge 

The house average or house edge (also called the expected value) is the amount the player loses relative for any bet made, on average. If a player bets on a single number in the American game there is a probability of 1/38 that the player wins 35 times the bet, and a 37/38 chance that the player loses his bet. The expected value is:

−1×37⁄38 + 35×1⁄38 = −0.0526 (5.26% house edge)

For European roulette, a single number wins 1⁄37 and loses 36⁄37:

−1×36⁄37 + 35×1/37 = −0.0270 (2.70% house edge)

The presence of the green squares on the roulette wheel and on the table is technically the only house edge. Outside bets will always lose when a single or double zero comes up. However, the house also has an edge on inside bets because the pay outs are always set at 35 to 1 when you mathematically have a 1 out of 38 (1 out of 37 for French/European roulette) chance at winning a straight bet on a single number. [To demonstrate the house edge on inside bets, imagine placing straight $1 wagers on all inside numbers (including 0 and 00) to assure a win: you would only get back $36, having spent $38.] The only exceptions are the five numbers bet where the house edge is considerably higher (7.89% on an American wheel), and the "even money" bets in some European games where the house edge is halved because only half the stake is lost when a zero comes up.

The house edge should not be confused with the "hold". The hold is the average percentage of the money originally brought to the table that the player loses before he leaves—the actual "win" amount for the casino. The Casino Control Commission in Atlantic City releases a monthly report showing the win/hold amounts for each casino. The average win/hold for double zero wheels is between 21–30%, significantly more than the 5.26% house edge. This reflects the fact that the player is churning the same money over and over again. A 23.6% hold, for example, would imply that, on average, the player bets the total he brought to the table five times, as 23.6% is approximately equal to 100% - (100% - 5.26%)^5. For example, a player with $100 making $10 bets on red (which has a near 50/50 chance of winning) is highly unlikely to lose all his money after only 10 bets, and will most likely continue to bet until he has lost all of his money or decides to leave. A player making $10 bets on a single number (with only 1/38 chance of success) with a $100 bankroll is far more likely to lose all of his money after only 10 bets.

In the early frontier gambling saloons, the house would set the odds on roulette tables at 27 for 1. This meant that on a $1 bet you would get $27 and the house would keep your initial dollar. Today most casino odds are set by law, and they have to be either 34 to 1 or 35 to 1. This means that the house pays you $34 or $35 and you get to keep your original $1 bet.

Mathematical model 

As an example, we can examine the European roulette model (roulette with one zero). Since this roulette has 37 cells with equal odds of hitting, this is a final model of field probability , where ,  for all .

Call the bet  a triple , where  is the set of chosen numbers,  is the size of the bet, and, and  determines the return of the bet.

The rules of European roulette have 10 types of bets. First we can examine the 'Straight Up' bet. In this case, , for some , and  is determined by

The bet's expected net return, or profitability, is equal to

Without details, for a bet, black (or red), the rule is determined as

and the profitability . For similar reasons it is simple to see that the profitability is also equal for all remaining types of bets. .

In reality this means that, the more bets a player makes, the more he is going to lose independent of the strategies (combinations of bet types or size of bets) that he employs:

Here, the profit margin for the roulette owner is equal to approximately 2.7%. Nevertheless, several roulette strategy systems have been developed despite the losing odds. These systems can not change the odds of the game in favor of the player.

It's worth noting that the odds for the player in American roulette are even worse, as the bet profitability is at worst , and never better than .

Simplified mathematical model 

For a roulette wheel with n green numbers and 36 other unique numbers the chance of the ball landing on a given number is . For a betting option with p numbers that define a win, the chance of winning a bet is 

For example betting on “red”, there are 18 red numbers, , the chance of winning is .

The payout given by the casino for a win is based on the roulette wheel having 36 outcomes and the payout for a bet is given by  .

For example betting on 1-12 there are 12 numbers that define a win, , the payout is , so the better wins 3 times their bet.

The average return on a player’s bet is given by 

For  the average return is always lower than 1 so on average a player will lose money. With 1 green number  the average return is , that is, after a bet the player will on average have  of their original bet returned to them. With 2 green numbers the average return is .

This shows that the expected return is independent of the choice of bet.

Called (or call) bets or announced bets 

Traditional roulette wheel sectors

Although most often named "Call Bets" technically these bets are more accurately referred to as "announced bets". The legal distinction between a "Call Bet" and an "Announced Bet" is that a "Call Bet" is a bet called by the player without him placing any money on the table to cover the cost of the bet. In many jurisdictions (most notably the United Kingdom) this is considered gambling on credit and is illegal in some jurisdictions around the world. An "Announced Bet" is a bet called by the player for which he immediately places enough money to cover the amount of the bet on the table, prior to the outcome of the spin / hand in progress being known.

There are different number series in roulette that have special names attached to them. Most commonly these bets are known as "the French bets" and each covers a section of the wheel. For the sake of accuracy, Zero spiel although explained below is not a French bet, it is more accurately "the German bet". Players at a table may bet a set amount per series (or multiples of that amount). The series are based on the way certain numbers lie next to each other on the roulette wheel. Not all casinos offer these bets, and some may offer additional bets or variations on these.[citation needed]

Voisins du zéro (neighbors of zero) 

This is a name, more accurately Grand Voisins du Zéro, for the seventeen numbers which lie between 22 and 25 on the wheel including 22 and 25 themselves. The series is 22,18,29,7,28,12,35,3,26,0,32,15,19,4,21,2,25 (on a single zero wheel).

9 chips or multiples thereof are bet. 2 chips are placed on the 0,2,3 trio; 1 on the 4/7 split; 1 on 12/15; 1 on 18/21; 1 on 19/22; 2 on 25/26/28/29 corner; and 1 on 32/35.

Jeu zéro (zero game) 

Zero game, also known as zero spiel (spiel is German for game or play), is the name for the numbers closest to zero. All numbers in the zero game are included in the big series, but are placed differently. The numbers are as follows: 12, 35, 3, 26, 0, 32, 15.

The bet consists of 4 chips or multiples thereof. 1 chip on 0/3 split, 1 on 12-15 split, 1 on 26 straight up and 1 on 32-35 split. Popular bet in Germany and many European casinos. This bet is also offered as a 5 piece bet in many Eastern European casinos. As a 5 piece bet it is known as zero spiel naca and includes, in addition to the chips placed as noted above, a straight-up on number 19.

Le tiers du cylindre (Thirds of the wheel) 

This is the name for the twelve numbers which lie on the opposite side of the wheel between 27 and 33 including 27 and 33 themselves. The series is 27,13,36,11,30,8,23,10,5,24,16,33 (on a single zero wheel). The full name (although very rarely used—most players refer to it as "tiers") for this bet is "le tiers du cylindre" (translated from French into English means one third of the wheel) because it covers twelve numbers (placed as 6 splits), which is as close to 1/3 of the wheel as one can get. Very popular in British casinos, tier bets outnumber Voisin and Orphans bets by a massive margin.

6 chips or multiples thereof are bet. 1 chip is placed on each of the following splits: 5/8; 10/11; 13/16; 23/24; 27/30; 33/36.

The Tiers bet is also called the "Small Series" and in some casinos (most notably in South Africa) "Series 5/8" It includes the following wagers which are all splits

5/8, 10/11, 13/16, 23/24, 27/30, 33/36

A variant known as "Tier 5,8,10,11" has an additional chip placed straight up on 5, 8, 10 and 11; and so is a 10-piece bet. In some places the variant is called "giocco/ Giocco Ferrari" with a straight up on 8, 11, 23 and 30; the bet is marked with a red G-button on the racetrack.

Orphelins (orphans) 

These numbers make up the two slices of the wheel outside the Tiers and Voisins. They contain a total of eight numbers, comprising 17,34,6 and 1,20,14,31,9.

5 chips or multiples thereof are bet. 1 chip is placed straight-up on 1 and 1 chip on each of the splits: 6/9; 14/17; 17/20 and 31/34.

... and the neighbors 

A number may be backed along with the 2 numbers on the either side of it in a 5 piece bet. For example, "0 and the Neighbors" is a 5 piece bet with 1 piece straight-up on 3, 26, 0, 32 and 15. Neighbors bets are often put on in combinations, for example "1, 9, 14 and the neighbors" is a 15 piece bet covering 18, 22, 33, 16 with 1 piece; 9, 31, 20, 1 with 2 pieces and 14 with 3 pieces.

Any of the above bets may be combined, e.g. "Orphelins by 1 and Zero and the Neighbors by 1." The "...and the Neighbors." is often assumed by the croupier.

Final bets 

Another bet offered on the single zero game is "finals". Most often pronounced finaal, but also finale (common with Italian speakers), and finals.

Finaal 4, for example, is a 4 piece bet and consists of 1 piece placed on each of the numbers ending in 4, that is 4, 14, 24 and 34. Finaal 7 is a 3 piece bet, 1 piece each on 7, 17 and 27.

Finaal bets from finaal 0 (zero) to finaal 6 cost 4 pieces. Finaal bets 7, 8 and 9 cost 3 pieces.

Some casinos also offer split-finaal bets, for example finaal 5/8 would be a 4 piece bet, 1 piece each on the splits 5/8, 15/18, 25/28 and 35.

Full completes/maximums 

A complete bet places all of the inside bets on a certain number. Full complete bets are most often bet by high rollers as maximum bets.

The maximum amount allowed to be wagered on a single bet in European Roulette is based on a progressive betting model. If the casino allows a maximum bet of $1000 on a 35-1 straight-up, then on each 17-1 split connected to that straight-up, $2000 may be wagered. Each 8-1 corner that covers four numbers) may have $4000 wagered on it. Each 11-1 street that covers three numbers may have $3000 wagered on it. Each 5-1 sixline may have $6000 wagered on it. Each $1000 incremental bet would be represented by a token or "piece" that is used to specifically identify the player and the amount bet.

For instance, if a patron wished to place a full complete bet on 17, the player would call "17 to the maximum." This bet would require a total of 40 pieces or $40,000. To manually place the same wager, the player would need to bet:

Bet Type

Number(s) bet On

Pieces

Amount Waged

Straight-Up

17

1

$1,000

Split

17, 14

2

$2,000

Split

17, 16

2

$2,000

Split

17, 18

2

$2,000

Split

17, 20

2

$2,000

Street

17, 16, 18

3

$3,000

Corner

17, 16, 13, 14

4

$4,000

Corner

17, 18, 14, 15

4

$4,000

Corner

17, 16, 19, 20

4

$4,000

Corner

17, 18, 20, 21

4

$4,000

Six Line

17, 16, 18, 13, 14, 15

6

$6,000

Six Line

17, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21

6

$6,000

Total Bets Placed

40

$40,000

The player calls his bet to the croupier (most often after the ball has been spun) and places enough chips to cover the bet on the table within reach of the croupier. The croupier will immediately announce the bet (repeat what the player has just said), ensure that the correct monetary amount has been given while simultaneously placing a matching markers on the number on the table and the amount wagered.

The payout for this bet if the chosen number wins is 392 pieces, in the case of a $1000 straight-up maximum, $40,000 bet, a payout of $392,000. The player's wagered 40 pieces, as with all winning bets in roulette, are still his property and in the absence of a request to the contrary are left up to possibly win again on the next spin.

Based on the location of the numbers on the layout, the number of chips required to "complete" a number can be determined.

• ¥ Zero costs 17 pieces to complete and pays 235 pieces.

  ¥ Number 1 and number 3 each cost 27 pieces and pay 297 pieces.

  ¥ Number 2 is a 36 piece bet and pays 396 pieces.

  ¥ 1st column numbers 4 to 31 and 3rd column numbers 6 to 33, cost 30 pieces each to complete. The payout for a win on these 30 piece bets is 294 pieces.

  ¥ 2nd column numbers 5 to 32 cost 40 pieces each to complete. The payout for a win on these numbers is 392 pieces.

  ¥ Numbers 34 and 36 each cost 18 pieces and pay 198 pieces.

  ¥ Number 35 is a 24 piece bet which pays 264 pieces.

Most typically (Mayfair casinos in London and other top class European casinos) with these maximum or full complete bets nothing (except the aforementioned maximum button) is ever placed on the layout even in the case of a win. Experienced gaming staff, and the type of customers playing such bets, are fully aware of the payouts and so the croupier simply makes up the correct payout, announces its value to the table inspector (floor person in the USA) and the customer, and then passes it to the customer, but only after a verbal authorization from the inspector has been received.

Also typically at this level of play (house rules allowing) the experienced croupier caters to the needs of the customer and will most often add the customer's winning bet to the payout, as the type of player playing these bets very rarely bets the same number two spins in succession. For example, the winning 40 piece / $40,000 bet on "17 to the maximum" pays 392 pieces / $392,000. The experienced croupier would pay the player 432 pieces / $432,000, that is 392 + 40, with the announcement that the payout "is with your bet down Sir".

There are also several methods to determine the payout should a number adjacent to a chosen number be the winner; for example, player bets 40 pieces on "23 to the maximum" and number 26 is the winning number. The most notable method is known as the "station" system or method. When paying in stations, the dealer counts the number of ways or stations that the winning number hits the complete bet. In the example above, 26 hits four stations – two different corners, one split and one six-line. The dealer takes the number four, multiplies it by 30 and adds the remaining eight to the payout. 4x30=120, 120+8=128. If calculated as stations they would just times 4 by 36 making 144 with the players bet down.

In some casinos, a player may bet full complete for less than the table straight-up maximum; for example, "number 17 full complete by $25" would cost $1000, that is 40 pieces each at $25 value.

Betting strategies and tactics 

Over the years, many people have tried to beat the casino, and turn roulette—a game designed to turn a profit for the house—into one on which the player expects to win. Most of the time this comes down to the use of betting systems, strategies which say that the house edge can be beaten by simply employing a special pattern of bets, often relying on the "Gambler's fallacy", the idea that past results are any guide to the future (for example, if a roulette wheel has come up 10 times in a row on red, that red on the next spin is any more or less likely than if the last spin was black).

All betting systems that rely on patterns, when employed on casino edge games will result, on average, in the player losing money. In practice, players employing betting systems may win, and may indeed win very large sums of money, but the losses (which, depending on the design of the betting system, may occur quite rarely) will outweigh the wins. Certain systems, such as the Martingale, described below, are extremely risky, because the worst-case scenario (which is mathematically certain to happen, at some point) may see the player chasing losses with ever bigger bets until he runs out of money.

The American mathematician Patrick Billingsley said that no betting system can convert a subfair game into a profitable enterprise. At least in the 1930s, some professional gamblers were able to consistently gain an edge in roulette by seeking out rigged wheels (not difficult to find at that time) and betting opposite the largest bets.

Biased wheels 

Whereas betting systems are essentially an attempt to beat the fact that a geometric series with initial value of 0.95 (American roulette) or 0.97 (European roulette) will inevitably over time tend to zero, engineers instead attempt to overcome the house edge through predicting the mechanical performance of the wheel, most notably by Joseph Jagger at Monte Carlo in 1873. These schemes work by determining that the ball is more likely to fall at certain numbers, and if sufficiently good will raise the return of the game above 100%, defeating the betting system problem.

Edward O. Thorp (the developer of card counting and an early hedge-fund pioneer) and Claude Shannon (a mathematician and electronic engineer best known for his contributions to information theory) built arguably the first wearable computer to predict the landing of the ball in 1961. This system worked by timing the ball and wheel, and using the information obtained to calculate the most likely octant where the ball would fall. Ironically, this technique works best with an unbiased wheel though it could still be countered quite easily by simply closing the table for betting before beginning the spin.

In 1982, several casinos in Britain began to lose large sums of money at their roulette tables to teams of gamblers from the USA. Upon investigation by the police, it was discovered they were using a legal system of biased wheel-section betting. As a result of this, the British roulette wheel manufacturer John Huxley manufactured a roulette wheel to counteract the problem.

The new wheel, designed by George Melas, was called "low profile" because the pockets had been drastically reduced in depth, and various other design modifications caused the ball to descend in a gradual approach to the pocket area. In 1986, when a professional gambling team headed by Billy Walters won $3.8 million using the system on an old wheel at the Golden Nugget in Atlantic City, every casino in the world took notice, and within one year had switched to the new low-profile wheel.

Thomas Bass, in his book The Eudaemonic Pie (1985) (published as The Newtonian Casino in Britain), has claimed to be able to predict wheel performance in real time. The book describes the exploits of a group of University of California Santa Cruz students, who called themselves the Eudaemons, who in the late 1970s used computers in their shoes to win at roulette. This is an updated and improved version of Edward O Thorp's approach, where Newtonian Laws of Motion are applied to track the roulette ball's deceleration; hence the British title.

In the early 1990s, Gonzalo Garcia-Pelayo believed that casino roulette wheels were not perfectly random, and that by recording the results and analysing them with a computer, he could gain an edge on the house by predicting that certain numbers were more likely to occur next than the 1-in-36 odds offered by the house suggested. This he did at the Casino de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, winning 600,000 euros in a single day, and one million euros in total. Legal action against him by the casino was unsuccessful, it being ruled that the casino should fix its wheel.

To prevent exploits like these, the casinos monitor the performance of their wheels, and rebalance and realign them regularly to try to keep the result of the spins as uniform as possible.

In 2004 it was reported that a group of two Serbs and one Hungarian in London had used a laser scanner hidden inside a mobile phone linked to a computer to predict the sector of the wheel where the ball was most likely to drop. They were arrested, but released without charge as there was no proof they had technically interfered with casino equipment.

Specific betting systems 

The numerous even-money bets in roulette have inspired many players over the years to attempt to beat the game by using one or more variations of a martingale betting strategy, wherein the gamer doubles the bet after every loss, so that the first win would recover all previous losses, plus win a profit equal to the original bet. The problem with this strategy is that, remembering that past results do not affect the future, it is possible for the player to lose so many times in a row, that the player, doubling and redoubling his bets, either runs out of money or hits the table limit. A large financial loss is certain in the long term if the player continued to employ this strategy. Another strategy is the Fibonacci system, where bets are calculated according to the Fibonacci sequence. Regardless of the specific progression, no such strategy can statistically overcome the casino's advantage, since the expected value of each allowed bet is negative.

While not a strategy to win money, former Los Angeles Times editor Andrés Martinez described a betting method in his book on Las Vegas titled "24/7". He called it the "dopey experiment". The idea is to divide one's roulette session bankroll into 35 units. This unit is bet on a particular number for 35 consecutive spins. Thus, if the number hits in that time, the gambler wins back the original bankroll and can play subsequent spins with house money. However, there is only a  = 60.68% probability of winning within 35 spins (assuming a double-zero wheel with 38 pockets).

Labouchère system 

Main article: Labouchère system

The Labouchère System is a progression betting strategy like the martingale but does not require the gambler to risk his stake as quickly with dramatic double-ups. The Labouchere System involves using a series of numbers in a line to determine the bet amount, following a win or a loss. Typically, the player adds the numbers at the front and end of the line to determine the size of the next bet. When he wins, he crosses out numbers and continues working on the smaller line. If he loses, then he adds his previous bet to the end of the line and continues to work on the longer line. This is a much more flexible progression betting system and there is much room for the player to design his initial line to his own playing preference.

This system is one that is designed so that when the player has won over a third of his bets (less than the expected 18/38), he will win. Whereas the martingale will cause ruin in the event of a long sequence of successive losses, the Labouchère system will cause bet size to grow quickly even where a losing sequence is broken by wins. This occurs because as the player loses, the average bet size in the line increases.

As with all other betting systems, the average value of this system is negative.

D'Alembert system 

The system, also called montant et demontant (from French, meaning upwards and downwards), is often called a pyramid system. It is based on a mathematical equilibrium theory devised by a French mathematician of the same name. Like the martingale, this system is mainly applied to the even-money outside bets, and is favored by players who want to keep the amount of their bets and losses to a minimum. The betting progression is very simple: After each loss, you add one unit to the next bet, and after each win, one unit is deducted from the next bet. Starting with an initial bet of, say, 1 units, a loss would raise the next bet to 2 units. If this is followed by a win, the next bet would be 1 units.

This betting system relies on the gambler's fallacy—that the player is more likely to lose following a win, and more likely to win following a loss.

Other systems 

There are numerous other betting systems that rely on this fallacy, or that attempt to follow 'streaks' (looking for patterns in randomness), varying bet size accordingly.

Many betting systems are sold online, and may make outlandish promises that the player can 'beat' the system by following them. One such system was advertised by Jason Gillon of Rotherham, UK, who claimed you could 'earn £200 daily' by following his betting system, described as a 'loophole'. As the system was advertised in the UK press, it was subject to Advertising Standards Authority regulation, and following a complaint, it was ruled by the ASA that Mr. Gillon had failed to support his claims you could earn £200 daily, and that he had failed to show that there was any loophole.

Using the dozen bet 

There are two versions to this system, single-dozen bets and double-dozen bets. In the single-dozen-bet version, the player uses a progressively incrementing stake list starting from the casino table minimum, to the table maximum. The aim here is to use a single-dozen bet to win before the stake list ends. Many techniques are employed, such as betting on the same dozen to appear after two consecutive appearances, betting on the dozen that has appeared most in the last 15, 9, or 5 spins, and betting on the dozen that, after a long absence of 7 or more spins, appears for the first time. The double-dozen bet version uses two dozen bets and half the stake list size of the single-dozen-bet version.

Real-life roulette exploits 

• ¥ In 1873, Briton Joseph Jaggers made the first famous biased roulette wheel exploit. Mr. Jaggers, with a team of six accomplices, carefully observed all the wheels at the Monte Carlo casino and found one wheel with significant bias. By taking advantage of this flaw they managed to win over $325,000, an astronomical sum in 1873.

  ¥ In the summer of 1891 at the Monte Carlo casino, a part-time swindler and petty crook from London named Charles Wells broke the bank at each table he played over a period of several days. Breaking the bank meant he won all the available money in the table bank that day, and a black cloth would be placed over the table until the bank was replenished. In song and life, he was celebrated as "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo".

  ¥ In 1992 in Gdynia (Poland) in Jackpol Casino, Paweł Piskorski (Polish politician, former Secretary General of Platforma Obywatelska and Member of European Parliament, today Leader of Stronnictwo Demokratyczne) claimed to have won 4,950,000,000 zloty (approximately $175,000 today). This, at least, was the explanation he gave to the revenue office for his income that year. The claim is implausible, because the house maximum at that time was 1,000,000 zloty: he would have had to have won 138 times in succession, with each bet set at the house maximum.

  ¥ In 2004, Ashley Revell of London sold all of his possessions, clothing included, and placed his entire net worth of US$135,300 on red at the Plaza Hotel in Las Vegas. The ball landed on "Red 7" and Revell walked away with $270,600.

  ¥ On 2 October 2009, Derren Brown (as part of his controversial "The Events" series) bet £5000 of a member of the public's money on a single number of a roulette wheel somewhere in Europe. This was shown live across the UK using a camera hidden in Brown's sleeve. He claimed that he would use the laws of physics to predict where the ball would end up, based upon the speed of the wheel and the ball. Brown took approximately three seconds after the wheel started spinning to place his £5000 bet on the number 8, only to see it land on 30 — just one number out. It is not known whether any other less successful bets were filmed but not broadcast (Brown has used, and explained, this "cherry picking" technique on at least two other TV programmes, in coin tossing and horse racing).

In film & television 

• ¥ In the 1942 film Casablanca, Rick's Café Americain has a trick roulette wheel. Rick (played by Humphrey Bogart) uncharacteristically takes pity on a young Bulgarian refugee couple. The husband has lost most of his money at roulette, trying to win enough to bribe police captain Renault. Rick suggests the man bet on 22. After the number comes up, Rick tells him to let it all ride. He does, and wins again. Rick tells him to cash in his winnings ... and never come back.

  ¥ In the 17 Feb 1965 episode of the classic series, Danger Man, The Ubiquitous Mr. Lovegrove, John Drake (Patrick McGoohan) is injured in a car accident, and, hallucinates he's involved with the nefarious manager of a London casino. By placing bets on a roulette wheel - at a predetermined time - with a croupier in on the scheme - money is transferred with information without any outside bettors being aware.

  ¥ In the 22 October 1966 episode ("Odds on Evil") of the Mission Impossible series, the IMF team uses a wearable computer (a la Thorpe and Shannon, above) to predict the outcome of each spin of the roulette wheel at a fictional casino in a European principality. The $200,000 they win at roulette provides the stake they need to challenge the prince to a high stakes game of Banco, in which they take the Prince for the money he was planning to use to buy arms in order to go to war against a neighbor.

  ¥ In the 1971 Western comedy Support Your Local Gunfighter, James Garner's character has a gambling addiction—he cannot stop betting everything he has on a single roulette spin. He loses several times, but finally wins at the very end.

  ¥ Near the beginning of the 1973 film The Sting, Johnny Hooker (Robert Redford) takes his share of the money conned from a numbers runner and loses nearly all of it on a single bet against a rigged roulette wheel.

  ¥ In the third part of the 1998 film Run, Lola, Run, Lola (Franka Potente) uses all her money to buy a 100-mark chip. (She is actually just short of 100 marks, but gains the sympathy of a casino employee who gives her the chip for what money she has.) She bets her single chip on 20 and wins. She lets her winnings ride on 20 and wins again, making her total winnings 129,600 marks (29,600 more than her smuggler boyfriend owed his boss, Ronnie). The odds of two consecutive wins on a European roulette wheel are exactly 1368-to-1 against.

  ¥ On season 1 of ITV1's Red or Black?, a player can win £1,000,000 by guessing either red or black on the roulette wheel.

  ¥ In the 2010 Disney Pixar film Toy Story 3, a scene featured a See 'n Say being used as a roulette wheel for gambling.

  ¥ In the 2011 film Fast Five, Don Omar and Tego Calderon play roulette and each bet their millions on red or black. The ball lands on green.

  ¥ In the 2012 film Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, the Penguins let their money ride/bet all of their money on a roulette wheel, selecting black & winning back twice as much.

Rules related to casino security 

• ¥ Players should not collect their winnings and betting chips on the outside chances until all of the winnings in the same box (e.g., all bets and winnings on 'red') have been paid. This is to avoid confusion and minimize the chance for players to steal other players' chips.

  ¥ Players must not touch chips after the dealer gives the hand signal or announces "no more bets". Players are not allowed to remove, change or add bets past this point.

  ¥ When the dealer has placed the dolly (the plastic marker used to mark the winning number) it is strictly prohibited to touch any chips on a winning chance.

  ¥ Dealers are not allowed to take money to change for chips from a player's hand. If the player wishes to get more chips, he or she must place the money on the layout of the table.

  ¥ The use of electronic equipment, such as mobile phones and cameras, at the table is also prohibited.

  ¥ The only items allowed in front of a player are chips, money, drinks, and cigarettes. Bulky items such as wallets and purses or bags must not be on the table.

Common etiquette practices 

• ¥ Players should place chips on the board rather than tossing them. Tossed chips may displace other bets or roll down to the "chipping machine". If the player cannot reach to place a bet himself, he/she should announce the bet to the dealer. This is treated as any other call bet.

  ¥ Changes for cash or color chips are supposed to be done in between spins. If the dealer has time, he will make changes during the spin, but he/she will most likely prioritize call bets before changes.

  ¥ All call bets are considered courtesy bets and are only placed if the dealer has time to change and place the bets. The bet is considered taken only if the dealer and the inspector dealer has repeated the bet. If the dealer does not take the bet, he/she will announce "no bet". To argue with the dealer about which bets have been taken is considered extremely impolite and will most likely render a warning from the inspector dealer or pit boss.

  ¥ Most casinos ban food at the table. Drinking rules vary.

See also 

• ¥ Bauernroulette

  ¥ Eudaemons

  ¥ Monte Carlo Paradox

  ¥ Russian roulette

  ¥ Straperlo

Martingale Roulette

It surprises me a little in this day and age where so much information is at our fingertips, that costly misconceptions remain alive and well.

The contention that Martingale Roulette is a sure fired way to make money is among them.

Maybe the problem is finding the truth amongst all the garbage – the claims that it is a system that actually works.

We wrote an article on the shortcomings of using the Martingale to play roulette – whether playing at a traditional casino, or live online casino last year and nothing’s changed since then…including the belief of many players that they can use to crack the game of roulette.  This post is the result of an exchange just today with a player who vehemently maintains it works… as it happens, so does he – 9 to 5 every day to fund his use of the system!

So here it is again in really simple English…the dot point Martingale facts that will save roulette players a lot of cash and pain…

• Martingale systems work on the premise that you double your stake on successive losing, even money roulette bets so that when you eventually win, your payout covers all previous losing bets and leaves you with a profit equal to the original (first) bet amount.

• Promoters of the system contend losing streaks can’t last forever so eventually you have to win.  Right?

• Wrong! for 2 very good reasons…1 – raising bets exponentially means even a small losing streak can put your required bet above the table limit so that you are unable to recover previous losses; and2 – even in the absence of table limit restrictions, each spin is an independent event and it has been proven mathematically that using martingale will still not give the player a long term house edge.

Of course the big fat elephant sitting in the corner that is the giveaway on this debate is this…

Casinos will let you play Martingale to your heart’s content

Surely that tells you something.  Advantage blackjack players who can effectively count have been asked to leave the premises; expert roulette players who have identified an exploitable wheel bias and won big as a result will also be shown the door.

But Martingale players! They’ll be given free cocktails, nibbles and the VIP treatment to keep them at the table for as long as possible.

How to play the Martingale system

The premise of the system is simple.

Playing roulette (preferably European) you choose either a red or black bet, and place a bet that is small relative to the table bet maximum. If you win your bet, pocket the winnings and repeat the bet.

If you lose the initial bet, double your initial bet amount and place the bet on the same color as the initial bet.

If you win this bet, the 1:1 payout will cover both bets and leave you ahead by an amount equal to the initial bet amount. If you lose this second bet, you simply double-up and repeat the bet. If you lose again, you simply double up again, and keep on doing so until you eventually win – at which point the amount won will cover all previous bets and leave you with a profit equal to the original bet amount.

Probability considerations

Supporters of this system use the laws of probability to sell its virtues. If you continue betting on the same color, eventually it has to come up and when it does you’re ahead. From a probability point of view they argue the odds of a loss on successive spins get lower and lower the longer the loosing streak.

Playing European or French Roulette the probability that you lose you first spin is 19/37 (a bet on black or red has 18 possible wins, 19 possible losses out of 37 possible outcomes…remember a ’0′ will be a loss). The probability that you loose both your first and second spin is (19/37) to the power of 2, or 26%. The probability that you loose your first, second and third spin becomes (19/37) to the power of 3, or 14%, and so on until the the odds get pretty damn small.

Loosing 8 in a row runs at less than a 0.5% chance.

Of course where this logic falls over, is that each spin of the roulette wheel is an independent event. The misconception that past events effect future outcomes is often referred to as the Gambler’s Fallacy.

Having lost 7 spins in a row and doubling up for your 8th bet, your odds of losing this spin run at 19/37 and not 0.5%. All of a sudden your odds of a loss aren’t anywhere near as small as you thought, and by now you have a pretty big bet staked on the table. If your starting bet was a meager $5, your 8th bet will be $640 and you’ve already dropped $635!

No problem you say. Stay the course and eventually a win will put you ahead right? Well maybe not.

Table bet maximum considerations

Here’s where many a Martingale player gets tripped up and surrenders a bundle to the casino.

All roulette tables have a table limit. If the bet you need to make under the system eclipses the table’s maximum you’re in big trouble. If the table maximum is $500 and you’ve been unlucky enough to lose 7 in a row starting from a $5 initial bet, all of a sudden a win on your 8th bet still leaves you in the hole.  No matter what bet you start with, and what the table max is, this issue will will rear its ugly head eventually, and when it does, the resulting player loss is a big one.

Bet numberStake following systemWin or LossCumulative loss

1st$5loss$5

2nd$10loss$15

3rd$20loss$35

4th$40loss$75

5th$80loss$155

6th$160loss$315

7th$320loss$635

8th$640?????

Of course even before the required bet approaches the table’s max, you start to need pretty deep pockets to defend an unlucky streak.  Remember, we’re working with exponential not incremental bet increases here and required bet amounts quickly ramp up to uncomfortable levels.

The D’Alembert Roulette Betting System

What is it?

The D’Alembert system is a negative progression betting system, meaning bet amounts are increased following losses and decreased following wins. It can be applied to many different gambling games but is popularly used playing roulette.

What are its origins?

We have the system’s namesake, 18th century French mathematician Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert to thank for the D’Alembert betting system. He left an indelible footprint across a range of academic disciplines, giving the world the D’Alembert criterion; D’Alembert’s form of the principle of virtual work; D’Alembert’s formula; the D’Alembert equation for waves;  the D’Alembert operator; D’Alembert’s paradox and the D’Alembert’s principle.

He won much acclaim and received many honors along the way, including an honorary membership of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

It’s fair to say that his work on probability applying to the toss of a coin (the foundation of the D’Alembert system) was probably not his best effort.

It’s hard to imagine how a bloke who can come up with something like this…

“the sum of the differences between the forces acting on a system of mass particles and the time derivatives of the momenta of the system itself along any virtual displacement consistent with the constraints of the system, is zero”

Can also come to the conclusion that…

“the probability of a coin landing heads increased for every time that it came up tails”

We all have our off days.

How does it work?

Let’s not mince words here. It doesn’t.

The system has as it’s foundation the gambler’s fallacy that past outcomes do influence future outcomes for independent random events (like the toss of a coin, the spin of a roulette wheel) because in the end results must balance out. An infinite number of 50/50 coin tosses should result in just as many heads as tails. So if a run of tails occurs, it follows that more heads are on the way to restore equilibrium. And if we know this, we should increase our bets on heads.

Problem is, regardless of what’s occurred in the past, the chance of heads being tossed on the next flip is still 1 in 2.

Here’s how the D’Alembert system is applied to a game of roulette.

Choose a starting bet value and stake that amount on an even money bet (red/black, odd/even, high/low). You then increase or decrease subsequent bets by a single unit, depending on whether you win or lose according to the following rule:

• if the previous bet won, then subsequent bet is decreased by a single unit

• if the previous bet lost, then subsequent bet is increased by a single unit

Example

Bet numberBet typeBet amountWin or LossNet position

1Red$5Win$10

2Red$4Win$14

3Red$3Loss$11

4Red$4Loss$7

5Red$5Loss$2

6Red$6Win$8

Devotees of Martingale roulette will note some similarities with their system: play even money bets; raise stakes when you lose; drop stakes when you win. Of course the big difference is the aggressiveness of bet progression. For Martingale losing bets are doubled and a win returns you to your original stake amount.

D’Alembert won’t get you into trouble as quickly as Martingale. But it also won’t guarantee you a win.

The Labouchere Roulette Betting System

Labouchere is another popular negative progression system (bet amounts increased after losses, decreased after wins) applied to the game of roulette. Progressions are less aggressive thanMartingale but more aggressive than D’Alembert, making it a arguably a more moderate approach to roulette betting than these methods, if no more successful.

The idea behind the system is that, everything going to plan, you are able win a predetermined amount despite losing more times than you win.

The system’s invention has been credited to English aristocrat Henry Labouchère (1831-19212); a man who inherited a fortune and had both money and time to burn…are you hearing warning bells too?

The Labouchere is also referred to as the Split Martingale or Cancellation System.

How to play Labouchere

• You begin by selecting a sequence of numbers. How many numbers, and the value of each number is up to you but the higher the values, the more you will be betting.The sum of these numbers is the amount you will win if all goes to plan. Write your chosen numbers down.example: 5 10 5 10

• Your first bet – choose an even money roulette bet (red/black; odd/even; high/low), and bet an amount equal to the sum of the first and last numbers in your sequence.for our example: 5+10 = 15

• For your next bets apply these rules:If the proceeding bet was a WIN: erase the 2 numbers in that sequence that combined to make that bet. Next bet equals sum of the new first and last numbers in remaining sequencefor our example: 5 10 5 10 | next bet is 10+5 = 15If the proceeding bet was a LOSS: add this amount to the end of the sequence. Next bet equals sum of the new first and last numbers in sequencefor our example: 5 10 5 10 15 | next bet is 5+15 = 20

• Continue betting until all numbers in your sequence are erased, at which point your net win will equal the sum of the numbers in your sequencefor our example: 5+10+5+10 = 30

So the aim of the game, as it were, is to completely erase your sequence.

Since a win removes two numbers from the sequence while a loss only adds one, this goal can be achieved with only half as many wins as losses. Expressed another way, a win rate (bet wins/number of bets) of a little over 1/3 will get you there. Remembering we’re playing even money bets with a odds of a win equal to 18/37 (or 18/38 for American Roulette), then on the face of it a 34% win rate seems easily achievable.

Bear in mind though, that this simple win rate analysis neglects to take into account a reasonably important part of the equation…BET AMOUNT. As you are losing bet amounts are escalating so win rate requirements aside, it is still possible to come (badly) unstuck. Consider that a win rate far lower than 33% will be good enough to have you walking away from the roulette table in the black using Martingale, and yet that system also does not guarantee success.

Hypothetical outcomes to illustrate bet methodology

Starting sequence: 5 10 5 10

Net win target: $30

Bet numberSequenceBet amountWin or LossNet position

1st5 10 5 10$15win+$15

2nd10 5$15losseven

3rd10 5 15$25loss-$25

4th10 5 15 25$35loss-$60

5th10 5 15 25 35$45loss-$105

6th10 5 15 25 35 45$55loss-$160

7th10 5 15 25 35 45 55$65win-$9 5

8th5 15 25 35 45$50win-$45

9th15 25 35$50loss-$95

10th15 25 35 50$65win-$30

11th25 35$60win+$30

In this example,  5 wins from 11 spins is enough to reach the target.

Throw in another losing streak and bet amounts would be getting hairy, and we’d be a long way adrift of erasing the sequence.

Bet choice

The system doesn’t dictate that you stick with any particular type of even money bet during your sequence. Switching from ‘black’ to ‘red’ to odd’ to ‘even’ should in theory make no difference.

Actually, the same should be the case for Martingale, although it’s users seem to like to stick with the same bet, thinking this helps somehow.

Does Labouchere work?

Depends on your time frame I guess. More often than not you’ll erase your sequence and have a modest win. When you lose, you’ll lose big. If you pull up stumps before the big loss, or at a point when your accumulated wins are greater than the losses then you can say it has worked for you.

Play an infinite number of spins using this system and your net position should approach the games mathematical house edge – which is a net loss for you unfortunately.

Like most roulette betting systems, this one falls down in the face of that unfortunate truth that each roulette spin is an independent event with a small edge an all possible bets.

The method you choose to place those bets, however complex, cannot change this.

I’d love to know how much of his fortune Henry Labouchère lost to his system.

The Fibonacci Betting System

Fibonacci is really very interesting.

Not the betting system…it’s a load of horse shit.  The Fibonacci Sequence on the other hand is of those things that has simple minded folk like myself scratching our heads in confusion and wonder.

The Fibonacci Sequence is the foundation of the Fibonacci Betting system so it’s worth looking at first before considering the system.

Fibonacci Sequence

Here it is:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233…

Spot the pattern?

The sequence starts 1, 1 (or 0, 1) and then continues with subsequent numbers in the series equal to the sum of the previous two. Child’s play right?

The sequence was first introduced into Western European mathematics by its  namesake Leonardo Fibonacci in his 1202 book  Liber Abaci, but it does have earlier Indian origins.

So what’s so fantastic about sequence?

Consider this.

Begin with a square tile of size (length x width) of 1 unit, representing the 1st number in the sequence. Next to it, place a tile the size of the next number in the sequence creating a rectangle, then the next, then the next and so on. Then trace a circular arc connecting opposite corners of these tiles and you get a spiral pattern, the beginnings of which looks like this.

Turns out this pattern is an approximation of what is known as the Golden Spiral. The bigger the Fibonacci Spiral gets (in terms of tile numbers, not your sheet of paper) the closer it approximates the Golden Spiral.

Now here’s the amazing part. This exact shape is observed over and over again in nature…

In small things…

In fun things…

In big things (satellite image of hurricane Sandy)…

In even bigger things…

In online live dealer things…

OK, 0ne of these images you won’t find in any science journals. It’s a bit of a joke.

Which leads us to…

Fibonacci Betting System

Somewhere along the line, some adventurous gambler (not Leonardo Fibonacci) figured the Fibonacci Sequence would be a great foundation for betting on even money payout events. Unsure of the logic here. Maybe they were hoping that the use of a scientifically significant sequence with a little natural wonder attached to it might somehow imbue their system with some credibility? Your guess is as good as mine.

The system isn’t used exclusively on roulette. It also gets a run on other even money bets with a near 50/50 chance of success, and there are plenty out there including baccarat.

But for the purposes of this post, lets stick to its application to roulette even money bet options: red/black, odd/even, high/low.

Applying the system is simple. Here are the rules.

• Have the Fibonacci Sequence at the ready:1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233…

• Select a bet unit amount. Your bets will be equal to this amount multiplied by each applicable Fibonacci number. For simplicity here, our unit is $1.

• Initial bet (even money): the first Fibonacci number multiplied by your unit amount:1 x $1 = $1

• Subsequent bets are placed according to the following rules:

• if preceding bet lost…next bet is next number in the sequence, so for $1 units:$1 then $1, then $2, then $3,then $5, then $8, then $13 and so on.

• if preceding bet won, then:- if preceding was initial bet, then just start again: $1- otherwise, your next bet will be based on the Fibonacci number 2 places back in the sequence:eg, bet $8 and win. Next bet is $3

If you manage to return to the beginning of the sequence your net position will be positive.

Hypothetical outcomes to illustrate bet methodology

Sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34…

Units: $1

Bet numberFibonacciBet AmountWin or LossNet position

1st1,1,2,3,5,8$1win+$1

2nd1,1,2,3,5,8$1losseven

3rd1,1,2,3,5,8$1loss-$1

4th1,1,2,3,5,8$2loss-$3

5th1,1,2,3,5,8$3loss-$6

6th1,1,2,3,5,8$5loss-$11

7th1,1,2,3,5,8$8win-$3

8th1,1,2,3,5,8$3loss-$6

9th1,1,2,3,5,8$5win-$1

10th1,1,2,3,5,8$2win+$1

complete1,1,2,3,5,8

The last win in this example gets us back to the start of the sequence, and a net (positive) position equal to the chosen unit. This is despite more losses (6) than wins (4), which on the face of it seems like a good thing.

But this is the whole point of a negative progression betting system where you are increasing bet amounts as you lose, and decreasing them as you win. The most aggressive negative progression system, Martingale, will have you in the positive from one win after 10 (or more) losing bets. This doesn’t mean it will work for you in the long term.

Similarly, playing Fibonacci you will complete the sequence more often than not and take your single unit gain. When you don’t, it will hurt a lot.

Play this system an infinite number of times on a roulette wheel with no bias and your net position will be consistent with the game’s house edge (negative unfortunately).  Why?

Because each spin in an independent event, and all possible bets for that even have a house edge.

That old chestnut!

Oscar’s Grind

Sounds more like a lap dancing move than a gambling term, but Oscar’s Grind is indeed another betting system.

The Oscar part of the name comes from the system’s claimed inventor, a craps player who used to boast about his gambling successes to reporters. The Grind bit evolved by virtue of the fact that the system seeks to extract small gains from the casino over long periods of time.

It’s a progressive betting system where bets are increased following wins, (as distinct from anegative progression system like Martingale) and it is applied to even money bets, like roulette’s red/black, odd/even or high/low.

Employing Oscar’s Grind

The aim of the system is to give the player a single unit gain at the completion of a sequence of even money bets.

You start the sequence with a 1 unit bet, then follow these rules:

Loss rule: If a bet loses,  next bet is the same amount.

Win rule: If a bet wins, next bet is increased by 1 unit.

Overriding rule: Never bet more than you need to produce a 1 unit win for the sequence.  The overriding rule may mean that in certain cases after a win, the next bet remains the same, or is decreased.

Example of Oscar in action

For simplicity’s sake, our units are $1.

Bet numberApplicable RuleBet AmountWin or LossNet Position

11Loss$ -1

2Loss rule1Loss$ -2

3Loss rule1Win$ -1

4Win rule2Loss$ -3

5Loss rule2Win$ -1

6Overriding rule2Win$  1

In this example the sequence is complete with a $1 net position, after the sixth bet.

The sixth bet also illustrates the overriding rule coming into play. Rather than increasing the bet to $3 following a win on bet number 5, the bet is limited to $2 as a win here ends the sequence with a $1 net position (and no more).

With your $1 gain banked you continue the grind, and begin the sequence again.

Does Oscar’s Grind guarantee a win every session?

I don’t profess to be an expert on this system. I’ve never actually used it playing roulette. Still, I can confidently say the answer to this question is an emphatic NO.

Why?

1. Common sense: If the answer were yes the name Oscar’s Grind would be far better known than it is. You’d know it from all those signs you’d walked past at casino entrances over the years, stating,

‘Players identified to be using Oscar’s Grind will asked to leave the casino immediately’

Seen any of these in your travels, either at traditional or online casinos?

2. Logic: More often than not you’ll complete your sequence and bank your single unit gain. There will be occasions, however unlikely, when the sequence is not completed and damage will be considerable.

Consider the below sequence, where your net position continues to drift further into the red as bet amounts are increasing.

Bet numberApplicable RuleBet AmountWin or LossNet Position

11Loss$ -1

2Loss rule1Loss$ -2

3Loss rule1Win$ -1

4Win rule2Loss$ -3

5Loss rule2Loss$ -5

6Loss rule2Win$ -3

7Win rule3Loss$ -6

8Loss rule3Loss$ -9

9Loss rule3Win$ -6

10Win rule4Loss$ -10

3. Probability: The system doesn’t come up with a solution to that unfortunate roulette truth, that each outcome is an independent event with a house edge. No matter how you mix, match, increase, decrease or cycle your bet amounts this doesn’t change.

The Paroli Betting System

The Paroli Betting System is also referred to as the Reverse Martingale or Anti-Martingale. This isn’t because it is known to reverse losses caused by using Martingale, but rather because it employs a positive bet progression methodology with bets doubled-up after wins, which is the opposite of Martingale where bets are doubled after losses.

Paroli betting has a long history (proof that gamblers are a stubborn lot), dating back to as early as the 16th Century when it was used in the Italian card game known as Basset. The name is derived from the Latin par, meaning to equal or match (Parlay has a similar derivation).

Today it is used by some gamblers as their weapon of choice for beating games offering even money bets including baccarat, sicbo and commonly roulette’s red/black, odd/even, high/low.

Employing the Paroli System playing roulette

It’s a simple system I’ll give it that much. No complicated number sequences to reference like Labouchere or Fibonacci.

Just start with a single unit, even money bet, then:

• after a losing bet, next bet is a single unit;

• after a winning bet, next bet is 2x previous bet;

• after 3rd successive winning bet, next bet is single unit.

Effectively, you’re chasing a 3-win streak during which your bets are doubled up. Some more adventurous proponents of Paroli extend this to a 4-win streak but this is less common.

Example of Paroli in action

Bet numberApplicable RuleBet AmountWin or LossNet Position

11Loss$ -1

2Loss rule1Loss$ -2

3Loss rule1Win$ -1

4Win rule2Loss$ -3

5Loss rule1Win$ -2

6Win rule2Win$  0

7Win rule4Win$  4

83rd win rule1Loss$  3

Fail-Safe or Flawed?

Looking at the positives first, Paroli is less likely to get you into difficulty than some of the more aggressive negative progression systems.

Your maximum bet will be limited to 4 times your starting bet, and you only get there after 2 successive wins anyway. As long as your starting unit bet isn’t anything silly, you will neither run into problems with upper table limits, nor will you find your required bet amount soaring to dizzying heights. Like Oscar’s Grind, it’s a pretty conservative system in terms of bet progression.

The idea behind the Paroli system is that winning and losing streaks are always going to occur. If losses can be limited during losing streaks while gains are enhanced during winning streaks then at the end of the day the player should come out on top, right?

There is a slight problem with this logic. It’s the same problem that all systems relying on outcomes from a series/sequence/group of roulette bets rather than individual outcomes fall into. At their foundation is the premise that outcomes in the series are in some way dependent on, or related to each other.

For the game of roulette, they simply are not.

How would I go about canceling a last number?

It is similar to "UNDO" method, just simply click Command(⌘) + Z key on your keyboard, it will repeat the last number or numbers you clicked. 

We are currently updating all the Q&A regard Roulette Robot section.

If you have any questions, please emails us: info@rool.tv

Difference between Extreme Version and Classic Version

Extreme version is useful for those players who have downloaded our ROOL by Roulette Experts applications and comprehend the visual ballistic methods. 

The classic version is good for general roulette players who need a quick betting tool that can crush the no more bet time.

Can Roulette-Robot endanger my Mac?

No, not at all. Roulette-Robot is completely virus-free, contains no spyware nor adware, and therefore is of no risk to you or your Mac.

Roulette Spielregeln

Das Spiel

Roulette ist das mit Abstand fairste und spannnendste Glücksspiel. Über 97 % aller Einsätze fließen als Gewinn an die Spielteilnehmer zurück. Es wird vermutet, dass der Ursprung des gut durchdachten Spiels aus China stammt. Erstmals wurde es im 17. Jahrhundert in Paris gespielt — und das mit den noch bis heute gültigen Grundregeln. Seither machte es einen Siegeszug um die Welt und ist heute in fast jedem Spielcasino zu finden. Roulette besteht aus dem Spielfeld, dem Tableau und dem Kessel mit der Kugel (die bis vor wenigen Jahren noch aus Elfenbein war).

Der Spieltisch

Das Tableau besteht aus dem nummerisch angeordneten Zahlenfeld, den Einfachen Chancen, den Drittel-Chancen sowie den Serienfeldern.

Der Kessel ist mit den Nummern 0 bis 36 in 37 Felder unterteilt. Die willkürlich erscheinende Anordnung der Zahlen erfand der renommierte französische Mathematiker «Blaise Pascal» im Laufe seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit über Wahrscheinlichkeits-Rechnung. Abwechselnd in einem roten und schwarzen Fach angeordnet sind die Nummern. Die Null (genannt Zéro) befindet sich als einzige Nummer in einem grünen Fach.

Der Spielablauf

Beim Roulette geht es um die Wette, auf welche Nummer die Kugel im nächsten Spiel fallen wird. Der Croupier gibt mit der Ansage «Faites vos jeux» das Spiel frei. Danach setzen Sie einen oder mehrere Jetons auf die zahlreichen Gewinnchancen und warten auf den spannenden Moment, in dem der Croupier die Kugel abwirft. Mit der Absage «Rien ne va plus» wird das Spiel beendet. Der Croupier wirft die Kugel entgegen der Drehrichtung der Scheibe. Nach dem Fallen der Kugel wird die ermittelte Gewinnzahl laut angesagt und alle Chancen, die mit der siegreichen Nummer zusammenhängen, werden ausgezahlt. Nach der Auszahlung beginnt eine neue Spielrunde.

Die Setzmöglichkeiten

Ihre Möglichkeiten, Jetons auf die Gewinnchancen zu platzieren, sind vielfältig. An jedem Spieltisch wird das Tischminimum und Maximum angegeben. Dieser Betrag, z.B. 5 €, ist der Minimaleinsatz.

Die Gewinnauszahlung

Nach dem Fall der Kugel nehmen die Croupiers die Gewinnauszahlungen vor. Die Gewinne auf den Einfachen und Drittel-Chancen werden vom Croupier auf die betreffenden Jetons gelegt. Jetzt entscheiden Sie, ob Sie Ihre Gewinne abziehen oder stehen lassen.
Anschließend fragt der Croupier die Treffer von der kleinsten bis zur höchsten Gewinnchance ab. Kommt Ihr Gewinnstück an die Reihe, genügt eine kurze Meldung an den Croupier, und Sie erhalten Ihren Gewinn. Ihr Einsatz, über den Sie nunmehr wieder frei verfügen können, bleibt auf der Gewinnchance liegen.

Es ist international üblich, dass der Gast den 35. Teil von jeder Plein Auszahlung in den „Tronc” für die Angestellten gibt, da allein hiervon nach gesetzlicher Vorgabe sämtliche Gehälter der Spielbankmitarbeiter bezahlt werden müssen und es sich dabei nicht etwa um ein zusätzliches „Trinkgeld” für die Croupiers handelt.

Einfache Gewinnchancen = Auszahlung: 1fach

Schwarz / RotPair / ImpairPasse / Manque

Einsatz auf alle roten oder alle schwarzen Nummern. Die Farbe der Nummern ersehen Sie aus dem Kessel.

Einsatz auf alle geraden oder alle ungeraden Nummern.

Einsatz auf Nummernbereich 1 bis 18 (Manque) oder 19 bis 36 (Passe).

Zéro gehört zu keiner Einfachen Gewinnchance. Fällt die Kugel ins Zéro-Fach, werden die Einsätze auf den Einfachen Gewinnchancen gesperrt. Ihr Einsatz reduziert sich dann auf die Hälfte des Ursprungswertes. Dies geschieht, indem der Croupier die Einsätze auf die Sperrlinie schiebt. In diesem Fall können Sie nicht mehr frei über ihren Einsatz verfügen, diesen aber vom Croupier auf andere Einfache Gewinnchancen umplatzieren lassen. Oder Sie bekommen auf Verlangen die Hälfte des Ursprungswertes ausbezahlt.

Dutzende und Kolonnen (Drittel-Chance) = Auszahlung: 2fach

Dutzende

Einsatz auf das:

1. Dutzend =   1 bis 12,
2. Dutzend = 13 bis 24 
3. Dutzend = 25 bis 36.

Die Zéro gehört zu keinem Dutzend.

Kolonnen

Einsatz auf eine senkrechte Reihe mit je 12 Nummern

1. Kolonne = 1 bis 34,
2. Kolonne = 2 bis 35
3. Kolonne = 3 bis 36

Die Zéro gehört zu keiner Kolonne.

Die Drittel-Gewinnchancen verlieren bei Zéro.

Transversale Simple

Einsatz auf eine Querreihe mit sechs Nummern. Auszahlung: 5-fach

Transversale Pleine

Einsatz auf eine Querreihe mit drei Nummern. Auszahlung: 11fach

Carrè

Einsatz auf vier zusammenhängende Nummern. Auszahlung: 8fach

Cheval

Einsatz auf zwei zusammenhängende Nummern. Auszahlung: 17fach

Plein

Einsatz auf eine volle Nummer von 0 bis 36. Auszahlung: 35fach. Sie können Ihre Jetons auch von einem Croupier setzen lassen. Hierzu überreichen Sie ihm die entsprechende Anzahl Jetons und annoncieren Ihr Spiel, indem Sie die kleinste und die grösste Nummer der betreffenden Gewinnchancen nennen.

Nach der Auszahlung gehört Ihnen auch der Einsatz, über den Sie jetzt frei verfügen können.

Die Serienfelder

Das Tableau beinhaltet zusätzliche Serienfelder. Diese Gewinnchancen bestehen aus einer je nach Serienfeld unterschiedlichen Anzahl von im Kessel nebeneinander liegenden Nummern. Anstatt jede Nummer einzeln zu setzen, können Sie den Nummernbereich der Serien abdecken, indem Sie die notwendige Anzahl Jetons in das Serienfeld setzen. Dann spielen diese Jetons symbolisch auf den Nummern der Serie im Tableau mit. Erst wenn eine gesetzte Serie nach dem Fall der Kugel gewonnen hat, setzt der Croupier ein bzw. zwei Gewinnstücke auf die Gewinnchance im Tableau. Die wichtigsten Serienfelder:

Die Grosse Serie:

Die Kleine Serie:

Das Zéro-Spiel:

Orphelins:

Für die Grosse Serie benötigen Sie
9 Stücke. 
Diese Serie beinhaltet 17 im Kessel nebeneinander liegende Nummern.

Für die Kleine Serie benötigen Sie
6 Stücke. 
Diese Serie beinhaltet 12 im Kessel nebeneinander liegende Nummern.

Für das Zéro-Spiel benötigen Sie
4 Stücke. 
Diese Serie beinhaltet 7 im Kessel nebeneinander liegende Nummern.

Für die Orphelins benötigen Sie 5 Stücke.
Diese Serie beinhaltet 5 und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kessels 3 nebeneinander liegende Nummern .

Die Zusatzannoncen

Es gibt eine Reihe von Zusatz-Annoncen, von denen wir Ihnen die wichtigsten darstellen. Die Annoncen geben Sie üblicherweise beim Croupier ab. Bei starkem Spielaufkommen setzt dieser Ihre Annoncen in Ausnahmefällen nicht im Tableau, sondern lässt sie vor sich liegen. Erst nach dem Kugelfall wird vom Croupier ein eventuelles Gewinnstück auf die Gewinnchance gesetzt.

Das Spiel der Nachbarn

Das Finale Spiel: Finalen sind Annoncen mit den betreffenden Endziffern aus dem Tableau.

Bei der Annonce des Spiels mit Nachbarn, spielen Sie im Kessel zusammenliegende Bereiche mit 3, 5, 7 oder 9 Nummern.

Ausgehend von einer Zentralnummer werden die rechten und linken Nachbarn im Kessel en plein (volle Nummern) abgedeckt.

En-Plein-Finalen

Hierbei werden nur ganze Nummern bespielt.

Z.B.: Die Finale 9 besteht aus drei Nummern. Die Finale 3 besteht aus 4 Nummern.

A-Cheval-Finalen.
Hierbei werden möglichst je zwei Nummern mit einem Jeton bespielt.
Die Finale 3/6 besteht z.B. aus den Einzel-Chancen 3/6, 13/16, 23/26 sowie 33/36 und wird mit 4 Stücken bespielt. 
Die Finale 5/9 wird dagegen mit 5 Stücken und den Einzel-Chancen 7-9, 17/18, 19, 27 und 28/29 besetzt.

Zéro-3-3   

    17-4-4

Finale 9   

      Finale 3

Finale 3/6      

      Finale 7/9

American Roulette

Das American Roulette ist eine amerikanische Variante des Französischen Roulettes. Im original American Kessel sind die Zahlen anders angeordnet und die Gewinnchancen sind durch eine zweite Zéro reduziert.

American Roulette wird in den deutschen Spielbanken (so weit bekannt) nur mit dem französischen Kessel, einer Zéro und damit den gleichen Gewinnchancen wie im Französischen Roulette angeboten.

Beim American Roulette werden üblicherweise Spezial-Jetons, sogenannte Wheel-Checks, verwendet. Diese Jetons haben keinen Wertaufdruck, sie unterscheiden sich nur durch ihre Farben. Wählen Sie Ihre Farbe und bestimmen Sie den Wert Ihrer Jetons beim Eintausch am Tisch. Durch die begrenzte Farbanzahl bleibt die Zahl der Spieler begrenzt und eine Verwechselung ausgeschlossen. Mit den Farb-Jetons können Sie nur am betreffenden Tisch spielen und diese auch nur dort in Wert-Jetons zurücktauschen.

Es ist in einigen Spielbanken möglich, dass im Interesse des schnellen Spiels, die Einfachen Chancen, sowie Dutzende und Kolonnen nicht zu setzen sind.

Die Rennbahn

Charakteristisch an den American-Roulette-Tableaus ist die Rennbahn. Sie ermöglicht das beim American Roulette übliche selbstständige Setzen. Das Oval zeigt die Roulette-Nummern in der Reihenfolge des Kessels, was ein sehr einfaches Spielen der Nebennummern (Nachbarn) erlaubt. Im Innenbereich der Rennbahn sind die Serien (Grosse Serie, Kleine Serie, Orphelins und das Zéro-Spiel) passend zu den im Kessel abgedeckten Nummernbereichen abgebildet.

Die Verwendung von Jeton-Sortiermaschinen ermöglicht die Spielabwicklung durch nur einen Croupier. Die allgemeinen Spielregeln des American Roulette entsprechen ansonsten denen des Französischen Roulettes.

Best live dealer casinos for players from France

Until recently French authorities sought to restrict foreign online gambling operators from offering their product to the people of France while at the same time sanctioning the (part) State owned local monopoly betting organizations La Francaise des Jeux and PMU.  In 2007 the French ASO banned team Unibet from the Tour de France and Paris-Roubaix and authorities sought to prosecute other operators trying to enter the market. This protectionist approach resulted in France being the subject of European Commission infringement proceedings for being in breach of EU laws with respect to online gambling.

At the time of writing, France was in the process of opening up its online gambling market, with a new licensing and regulatory regime due to come into effect in early 2010.  The authority charged with the construct and implementation of the new legislation and associated regulations is the Ministre du Budget lead by Minister Éric Woerth.  According to a report in Le Figaro first September edition, France's proposed laws had just received EC sign off and were ready to become law, allowing operators licensed in other EU member countries to access the French gambling market.

From a players' perspective, most EU based online gambling operators accepted French players while the protectionist laws were in place so access to internet casinos will not change dramatically.  What will change is the degree of mainstream advertising that is permitted by French authorities.  It may not be long before teams in the Tour de France are sponsored by the likes of Unibet, William Hill or Bet365 rather than just Francaise des Jeux!

[Update April 2010]

A bill to legalise and regulate online gambling in France was passed by the French National Assembly on 6 April 2010. The law enables private operators to seek and obtain a license to provide online poker, sports betting or wagering services to French residents in competition with Francaise des Jeux and PMU for the first time.  Games of chance including roulette and blackjack were not included in the list of services to be liberalized.  The laws are planned to come into effect in June, prior to the World Cup kick-off and will be administered by the newly formed National Regulatory Authority of the French online gambling market (ARJEL).

A number of operators including Unibet, 888.com, William Hill and Ladbrokes have announced their intent to participate in the licensing process and will no longer accepting French players until they have been granted a license. Further, platform providerPlaytech has decided to impose a no French players policy on its licensee live casinos. 

The laws and associated regulatory and license application requirements have been criticized by the Remote Gambling Association as non-compliant with EU Treaties and there are still plenty of big name operators happy to accept French players.

Ist das legal?

Dies ist auf alle Fälle legal. Es handelt sich um ein mathematisches System, Sie betrügen also niemanden, sondern Sie tätigen Ihre Einsätze nur entsprechend den Regeln der Mathematik. Alles kann berechnet werden und wir haben es berechnet. Profitieren Sie davon, dass wir Ihnen ein Beispiel aufgezeigt haben.

Kann mich das Kasino sperren oder mir den Gewinn nicht auszahlen?

Ja, dies kann passieren, wenn gegen die Kasinobedingungen verstoßen wird. Beim bekanntesten Verstoß handelt es sich um unwahre Angaben bei der Registrierung. Bei der ersten Gewinnauszahlung müssen Sie dem Kasino nämlich eine Personalausweiskopie übersenden, und wenn man dort feststellt, dass die Angaben nicht übereinstimmen, kann dies problematisch werden.

Kann ich dem Kasino ohne Weiteres die Kreditkartennummer mitteilen?

Die Kreditkartendaten geben Sie nicht dem Kasino, sondern dem Kreditinstitut, sodass es sich um eine absolut sichere und normale Transaktion handelt.